EMERGENCY PROVISIONS (Part XVIII, Articles 352–360)
📌 One-liner:
➡️ “Emergency = Special powers during crisis”
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🚨 TYPES OF EMERGENCY (3 Types)
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🔴 1. NATIONAL EMERGENCY (Article 352) 🔥
🔹 When declared?
War
External aggression
Armed rebellion
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🔹 Key Effects
Centre becomes very powerful
Fundamental Rights may be suspended
State powers reduced
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🔹 Important Points
Declared by President
Must be approved by Parliament
Applies to whole or part of India
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🟡 2. STATE EMERGENCY / PRESIDENT’S RULE (Article 356) 🔥🔥
🔹 When declared?
Failure of constitutional machinery in a state
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🔹 Key Effects
State government dismissed
Governor runs state on behalf of President
Parliament makes laws for state
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📌 Very important for exam 🔥
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🟢 3. FINANCIAL EMERGENCY (Article 360)
🔹 When declared?
Financial instability in country
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🔹 Key Effects
Salary of government employees reduced
Centre controls financial matters
📌 Not declared till now
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⚡ Important Differences (Concept)
National Emergency → Whole country
State Emergency → Particular state
Financial Emergency → Economic crisis
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🔥 Important Points for ADRE
Article 352 → National Emergency
Article 356 → President’s Rule
Article 360 → Financial Emergency
Most asked → Article 356 🔥🔥
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⚠️ Impact on Fundamental Rights
During National Emergency:
Article 19 can be suspended
Other rights may also be restricted
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📌 Important Facts
President declares emergency
Parliament approval required
Centre gets more power
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⚡ Quick Revision
Part XVIII
3 types of emergency
352 – National
356 – State
360 – Financial
